Loom



June 9, 1942. J. l.. BAKER l 2,285,793

` LooM` Filed May 21,1941 5 sheets-sheet 1 f June 9,".1942. l.1. L. BAKER LOOM Filed May 21, 1941r eww J. L. BAKER June 9, 1942,

Loom

Find May 21,` 1941 5 Sheets-sheet s Patented June 9, 1942l UNITED `s'rn'ljss- PATENT OFFICE l Loon i .loseph L. Baker, Innghorne Manor, Pa.

l5 Claims.

My invention relates to looms and is'more particularly -intended and adapted to weave pilefabric. A loom embodying my invention embodies .new combinations of old features andr also features novel per se, all of. which cooperate to c prises, besides the describedweft orv ller yarn eiect a more rapidproduction than has heretofore been possible.

It has long been known to-utilize. .insteadof the usual bobbin-carrying shuttle, a shuttle that carries no bobbin and which, instead, after traversing of the warp shed, engages yarn extending from a stationary bobbin at one side of the loom and pulls the lsame across the loom, to thereby insert a double shot of weft. the shuttle then engaging yarn from a similar bobbin on the opposite sideand traversing ythe warp shed in opposite direction and pulling the'yarn across the loom to thereby insert another double shot of weft. Since a shuttle of this character carries substantially no weight of yarn.. it may be made of comparatively small size and mass and may be operated more rapidly than the ordinary shuttle.

Nor is it necessary to stop-the loom at frequent intervals,` as .in the use of an ordinary shuttle,-

'sepueenen my 21, 1941, serial No. :94,409

upper warp shed and then in the opposite'direction through the lower warp shed.

The double pile fabric for the manufacture of which the loom is more particularly adapted compulled through the warp sheds by the shuttles, binder warp yarn which is woven only into the upper fabric, binder warp yarn which is woven onlyl into the lower fabric, and pile warp yarn which is woven into both fabrics. Optionally each fabric also contains a stuffer warp. A typical fabric of this character is hereafter described.

The invention, besidescomprising means for effecting the'operation of the shuttles in the novel mannerabove described, comprises also means `for inserting a selvedge thread in the loops formed by weft yarn, the operation of the selvedge thread shuttle being controlled partly by mechanism controlled by the lay and partly by all mechanism controlled by the weft shuttles A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fis. l is a side view of the loom, a few parts being shown in section. f

vin order to replenish the yarn'supply. The two 25 Fig- 2 is flnt View 0f the 100mfactors of higher speed' of operation and continuous operation result inea considerably `in-A creased production over that of the ordinary c lso loom.

Another type of loom that gives increased production is one in which two shuttles of the ordinary type simultaneously travel through warp sheds at different levels to thereby .simultaneously weave two fabrics.

In my invention, I combine these two features in one loom, thereby securing the advantages of both types of loom, thereby increasing production' to a degree not heretofore obtainable on. anyj type of loom.-

To enable these separately old features to be 4 l combined'in a single loom .and weave fabric of the type for which. the loom is more particularly intended and adapted, the warp sheds and, more particularly, the shuttles are operated in a p eculiar and novel manner. While one shuttle is traveling across the loom at a higher level, the

other shuttle iSv-.at the .same time traveling at a shuttles are then again^ shot facross the loom` simultaneously in'- opposite directions. Thus each vshuttle travels, ilrst in one'direction through the Fig. 3 is a plan view of part of the loom.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of part of the loom.

Fig. 5 is a 'cross-section through one of the shuttle boxes with an end view of one of the two weft shuttles:

F156 is a side view of one of the weft shuttles with the selvedge shuttle shown in end view.

Fig. v is e rietenside view of the selvedge of partof Figs. 10 Aand l1 are detail views of a part of the last named mechanism.

Fig. 12 is a diagram, along the line of the warp, of a fabric which the loom isadapted to weave.

Fig. 13 is a diagram ofthe. same fabric along `the line of the weft. l A I Figs. 14 and 15 are diagrams showing the weft yarns, the selvedge yarns .on opposite'sides and the shuttles for operating the several yarns.

Fig. 16 1s another sidefv1ew, similar ee Figs. i 7, of the mechanism controlling the operation of the selvedge shuttle. 5

I is the loom frame: 2 the main driving shaft; 3 the lay; 4 the, lay swords, fulcrumed at l and weft shuttle the selvedge shuttle operating means.

`pile warp beam is not shown.

pitman 8;'1 the reed; 8 the breast beam; and 9 p v the harness.

A double fabric which the 100m is adapted to weave is shown diagrammatically in Figs."12 and 13. It comprises two identical parallel fabrics, which I shall designate upper and lower fabrics. These fabrics comprise, respectively, binder warps a; b and c, d, stufe'r warpse and f, pairs of filler wefts 9*, y and h, h', and a pile warp i common,` IIJ and II (see Fig.v1) are the to both fabrics. upper and lower binder warp-beams and I2 and I3 the upper and lower stuffer warp beams.

y I4 and I5 are spools, bobbins or cones, one-on each side, carrying two yarns G and H which form the filler wefts y, g' and h, h'.

kThe two shuttles 20 and 2|, carrying the filler wefts across the loom carry no bobbins. They are actuated. in the known manner by -picker blocks 220 and 230 operable by picker sticks 22 and 23. Each shuttle, near the beginning of its traverse, engages the filler yarn at one side of the loom, carries the yarn across the loom at a higher level, disengages the yarn, engages the ller yarn at the other side of the loom and carries it in the opposite direction across the loom at a lower level.

The specific operation of the shuttles and the fabric formedthereby will be more clearly understood by reference'to Figs. 2 and 3 and the diagrams in Figs. 12 and 13 of the fabric. Re ferring to Figs, l2 and 13, the filler wefts g and y' comprise a single yarn G, which is fed from one bobbin (say I4) and the filler wefts h and h' comprise a single yarn H, which is fed from the other bobbin I5.

Assume that shuttle 20, in its movement from left to right, has engaged (by means of pin 208 carried thereby) yarn G fed from bobbin Il. atv

theleft side of the loom and has pulled the same across the loom at the higher level between sheds formed by binder va and stuil'er/ e to form the pair of wefts g of the upper fabric. Concurrently with the above operation shuttle 2l` engages (by means of pin 2III) yarn H fed from bobbin I5 at the right side of the loom and pulls the same across the loom atfthe lower level between the sheds formed by rbinder c' and pile warp i and binder d to form vthe pair of wefts h of the lower fabric. i

Shuttle 20, which is now at the right side of the loom and dropped to the lower level, engages yarn H fed from bottom I5 at the right side-of the loom andis thrown' across the loom to the left, and pulls yarn H across the loom. between the sheds formed by binder dand stuffer f and binder c to form the pair of wefts h of the lower fabric. been raised to the higher level, engages yarn G fed from bobbin I4 at the left side of the loom and is thrown'across the loom from lef', to right between the sheds formed by binder warp b and pile warp i and binder a to form the pair of wefts g' of the upper fabric.

Thus two double shots of weft are simultaneously carried across the loom one in each direcy tion, the, two shuttles traveling in different horizontal planes. The described operation requires that at the beginning of each such movement the two shuttles shall be in two different horizontal planes and that at the end of each such movement each shuttle shallbe moved into the other horizontalpiane. Thus, referring to Fig.

The'

- ller yarn H in its throw in the other direction, all the filler yarn G being thus in the upper cloth k shuttle box 25, which has one rigid side wall 26 driven from the main shaft by the crank and 2, shuttle is in its upper position and shuttle 2I in its lower position. After their simultaneous movement in opposite directions across the and all the filler yarn H in the lower cloth.

The means for raising and lowering the shuttle will now be described. Each shuttle at the end of its travel in the lower plane to the left, Fig. 2 (see also Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5) is thrown into a and one flexible side wall 21, the latter being normally heldl in parallel 'relation with the side wa1128 by means of a leaf spring 28. When the shuttle enters box`25, it rests on a lifter 29 (see Figs. 4 and 5) the two arms of which are slidable up and down on thelay 3 (see also Fig. 4). When a shuttle thus traveling in the lower plane enters the shuttle box 25, the lifter is in its lower position, but immediately thereafter is raised to its upper position, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 5, thereby lifting the shuttleI to the lupper plane. .As the shuttle completes its up movement, it engages a catch 38 "on the flexible side wall 21 of the shuttle box and forces the side wall slightly outward. Upon reaching'its final up position, the spring 28 snaps the side wall l back to its normal position, catch 30'then snapy ping under the shuttle, whichl is retained in its up position between the two side walls of the box, resting avt-onev ,side on catch 30 and on the other-side on a projection 3I|Il` on the inside of the rigid wall 28.

i The lifter is moved into its down/position and normally held there by means ofa lever 3I pivoted between its ends to arms depending from the lay 3, one end of the lever being attached to the lifter 23, and the other end being normally heldY up by a tension spring 32. The lasty named end of lever 3l is connected with one end of a lever 33 by means of a bolt and spring connection 34, shown more clearly in Fig. 4, the other At the same time shuttle 2l. which has end of lever 33 being pivoted on'the loom frame. JustY after the yshuttle enters box 25, an arm 38 on shaft 2 (see Fig. 1) engages a cam 35 on lever 33 and lowers the end oi' lever 33 .connected with lever 3|, thereby lifting the end of lever 3| atr tachednto lifter 29, thereby lifting the shuttle as above described into the upper plane preparatory to its throw to the right. Upon recession of arm 38 from cam, 35, levers 33 and 3| are immediately `returned by springl 32 to their normal positions,

thus lowering lifter 23 into position to receive the other shuttle upon the latters completion of its throw to the left.

As hereinbefore stated the operation requires that on the right side of the loom the shuttle that has been thrown to the right in the upper plane shall be dropped to the lower plane preparatory to its throw to the left. The shuttle box 48 at the right is. similar in construction to shuttle box 25 in that it has one vrigid* wall 38 and one flexible `wall 39 normally held in parallelism with the rigid When a wall` by means of a .leaf spring Il. shuttle, travelling in the .upper plane, enters box 40, it sides under and then rests under a de-y pressor 42 having depending arms slidable, like the arn'is depending from lifter 29, upand down 2,285,793 on the 1ay 6, the depressor at this time being inthe up position. A detail view of the depressor 42 is not necessary, since its construction may be the same as that of lifter 26 except thatit need not have the latch 36 or the projection 300 ofthe lifter. The depressor is normally held in the up position by means of a lever 43 under thetenf sion of a spring 44. Lever 43 has a bolt and spring connection with a lever 45. Just after a shuttle enters box 46, an arm (similar to arm 36) on shaft 2 engages a cam on a lever 45 and lifts it to thereby swing the lever 43 and lower the 'I'he shuttle 56 is carried by a plate 52,` which isslidable longitudinally relative to the trough 5|. By reference'y to Fig. I it will be seen that of the plate. Pivotally connected at one end depressor 42, thereby lowering the shuttle to the position shown in Fig. 2. k'I'he picker stick 23 then immediately throws the shuttle to the' left, Fig. 2, after which the arm 46 travels beyond the cam on lever 45 and spring 44 immediately swings lever 43 to raise the depressorinto position to receive the other .shuttle in its throw to the right.

So far as the construction of the loom has been described, it will be understood that the loom and its operation embody the following novel combination of characteristics.

The shuttles do not carry their own bobbns but each merely pulls across the loom a double weft yarn fed from a stationary supply. While suchmode of feeding the weftl is known in the.

in one plane through the warp shed of one fabric and then, after releasing such weftthread, causing the shuttle to engage the weft thread at the -other side of the loom and pull a double pick thereof in the opposite direction through the warp shed ofthe other fabric. The next feature of the invention isthe shuttle (hereinafter called the selvedge shuttle, as diswith the lay'sword is a lever 54 Aconnected at its other end, by means of .an adjustable pin and slot connection, with one end of a lever 55, fulcrummed between its ends and pivotally connected at its other end to a sleeve 56. The flat plate 52 has an extension 5l, round in cross-section and slidable in the sleeve 56. 56 is a spring secured at one end to the lever 55 and at its.

other end to a bifurcated lever 59 pivoted to a stud 520 adjustably secured to the plate 52.

lAfter the lay has moved to the extreme right and whenl it has then moved some distance to the left and has reached the position shown in` Fig. 1, the trough 5| and the plate 52 and shuttle 56 are `in the relative positions shown in Fig. 7. In this position, the plate 52 is locked tothe trough 5| by a spring pressedlocking lever 60' pivotally mounted on the trough and engaging a. projection 6| on the plate 52 (see Fig. 8); and the spring 56 is under tension. At thisr point the warp shed is sufficiently open to allow the weft shuttle to pass therethrough. As the weft shuttle moves through the cut-away portion of trough'5l, the locking lever 60 is tripped, by mechanismthereinafter described, releasing the plate- 52 and allowing the spring 56 to snap the plate quickly to the right, carrying shuttle 50 with it and laying the selvedge yarn 7c within the loop carried by the weft shuttle.

The movement of the plate 52 to the right is arrested `by the engagement of stop 516, secured l lever 60 re-engages the projection 6|.

tinguished from the weft or filler shuttles) and Y the means vfor operatingit in harmony with the movements of' the elements hereinbefore described. The selvedge shuttles, there being one on each side ofthe loom, are so operated as'to lay selvedge yarns through the endloops of the weft, the shuttle traveling parallel with the warp.

itsmovement being effected by mechanism conf tle boxfor the selvedge shuttle, is pivotally carriedby the lay sword 4 and has a rearward extension which passes through a pivoted support 5|6 on the frame I to maintain the shuttle box in a substantially horizontal position at all times.

'Ihe shuttle box has a cut-away portion which allows the' weft shuttles to travel through it and so position the weft loop as to allow the selvedge shuttle to pass through the `loop and carry the vselvedge yarn Ic therethrough.

to plate 52, with the end of sleeve 56; During the movement of the lay to the extreme left and duringy its movement to the right, the trough 5| and plate 52 remain disengaged until, just before the lay completes its swingA to the right, the locking In the return movement of the lay and trough 5| to the left, the plate 52, which is now locked to the"V -v to the right, ashereinbefore described.

is shown .in detail in Figs. 7 and 9. It is actually, a lever pivoted between its.end on the shuttle, the lower end being actuated by a compression spring 62er equivalent over-center tension spring and being held thereby eithery in positionagainst .one or the other of the stops 66 to hold the pin either in weft-engaging position or in weft-rleasing position.

Referring new to Figs. 10 and 11, as well as to Figs. 7 and 9; The pin 266 is pivotally mounted on its weft shuttle by being secured to a shaft 65 turnable in the shuttle. To shaft 65-is also se cured a bell crank 66. Tumble in thelay sword 41s a shaft 61 carrying'at one-end an arm 68.

and at the other end an ann,l normally held against astop 1.6 by a spring When a weft shuttle reaches a given point in its travel, one of.

the arms of the bell crank 66 on shaft 65 strikes the arm 68. This engagement snaps the pin 200 from the position shown in Fig. 9 to its other position to release the yarn carried by the pin and also snaps the arm 69 from the position shown on Figs. 8, 10 and 11 to a lower position, in which movement arm 69 depresses the locking lever 60 and thereby unlocks the plate 52; whereupon, as hereinbefore described, spring 58 moves plate 52 rapidly to the right, carrying the shuttle simultaneously across the loom at different levels in opposite directions, a stationary shuttle box at each side of the loom. a shuttle lifter in-one shuttle box adaptedy to beengaged by the shuttle that has traveled across the loom at a lower level,

a shuttle depressor in the other yshuttle box vadapted to be engaged by the shuttle that has traveled across the loom at a higher levelmeans adapted, at the conclusion of each such twoshuttle throw, to raise said lifter and lower said depressor in their respective shuttle boxes to thereby respectively lift and lower the shuttles formthe warp sheds hereinbefore described require no description, since they need not differ from the usual warp-shed means with which an ordinary loom is equipped.

I do not herein claim the fabrics that the loom herein described is adapted to weave, nor do I claim the process of making the fabrics which the operation of the loom as herein described is adapted to practice; the structure of the fabricsA and thevprocess of producing them forming the subject matter of other applications filed April 21, 1942, Serial No. 439,831 and 439,832.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters v'Patent is:

l. A loom adapted to simultaneously weave two pile fabrics at different levels, comprising means to supply separate binder warp threads 'for each fabric and common pile warp threadsffor both fabrics, two weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, two shuttles, each adapted to engage a weft yarn from the supply at each side of the loom and pull a double pick thereof across the loom and then release the yarn, means to simultaneously throw both shuttles across the loom, one through sheds formed by the warp yarns of one fabric at one level and the other through the warp yarns Iof the other fabric atv another level, and a cutter, located between the two woven fabrics as they are fed forward, adapted to Vsever the pile warp threads connecting" and common to the two fabrics to thereby produce two separate pile fabrics.

2. A loom adapted to simultaneously weave two pile fabrics at different levels, means to supply separate binder warp threads for each fabric and common pile warp threads for both fabrics, two weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, two shuttles, each adapted to engage a weft yarn from the supply at each side of the loom and pull a double pick thereof across the loom and then release the yarn, means to simultaneously-throw respectively engaged therewith preparatory to their next throw.-

4. In aloom, the combination with weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, of two shuttles each adapted to engage a weft yarn at one side of the loom and pull a double pick thereof across the loom, means to throw both shuttles simultaneously across the loom at different levels in opposite directions, a shuttle lifter at one side of the loom adapted to be engaged by the shuttle that has traveled across the loom at a lower level, a shuttle depressor attheother side of the loom adapted to be engaged `by the shuttle that has traveled across the loom at a higher level, a.- spring-actuated lever adapted to 4nor mally hold the lifter at the lower. level, aspringactuatedlever adapted to normally hold the depressor at the .upper level, and means, operable at the completion of the throws of the shuttles,

`adapted to raise the lifter and -lower the depressor and-thereby reverse the levels of the shuttles preparatory to their next throw of the tions, two selvedge yarn shuttles, one at each side of the loom, movable through the loop of the double pick of weft pulled across the loom as aforesaid and means controlled by the weft shuttles to so actuate said selvedge shuttles.

both shuttles across the loom, one through sheds formed by the warp yarns of one fabric at onel level and the other through the warp yarns of the other fabric at another level, and means adapted, at the conclusion of each such two-l l nately. I

3. In a loom, the combination with weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, of two shuttles each adapted to engage a weft yarn 'from the supply at each sideof the loom and pull a double pick thereof across the loom and then release .the yarn, and means to throw both shuttles 6. In a loom, the combination with two weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, of two weft yarn shuttles each adapted to engage a weft yarn at one side of the loom en d pull a double pick thereof across the loom, meansl tc simultaneously throw both weft shuttles across kthe loom at different levels in opposite direction's,`two selvedge yarn shuttles, vone at each side of'the loom, movable through the loop of lthe' double pick of weft, pulled across the loom asI aforesaid, means to so actuate said selvedge shuttles, locking mechanism holding the selvedge shuttles from so actuating, and means actuated by the weft shuttle adapted to release said locking mechanism. f

7. In a loom, the combination with two weft ya'rn supplies, one at each side of the loom, of

two `weft yarn shuttles each adapted. to engage a weft yarn at one side of the loom and pull a double pick thereof across the loom, means to simultaneously throw both weft shuttles across the loom at different levels in opposite directions, two selvedge yarn shuttles. one ateach side of the loom, movable through the loop of the double pick of weft `pulled across the loom asl aforesaid, spring-actuatedrmeans to So/ actuate said selvedgeshuttles, locking mechanism holding said selvedgel shuttles 'from beingso operated,

and means actuated by thel weft shuttles adaptedv to release said `locking mechanism.

8. In a loom, the combination with two weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, of r two weft yarn shuttles each adapted to engage tions, two selvedge yarn shuttles, one at each.

side of the loom, movable through the loop of the double pick of we'ft pulled acros's the loom as aforesaid, a race along whichv each selvedge shuttle moves when so actuated, a plate carry.

ing the selvedge shuttle and movable along the race, means to so move said plate and thereby so actuate said selvedge shuttle, means locking the plate to the selvedge shuttle race. and means actuated by the weft shuttle to release said platelocking means.

9. In a loom, the combination with two weft yarn supplies, one at each side of the loom, of two weft yarn shuttles each adapted to engage a weft yarn from the supply at each side of the loom and pull a doublepick thereof across the loom and then release the yarn, means to simul. taneously throw both weft shuttles across' the loom at different levels in opposite directions,

whereby each shuttle moves il'rst at one level in one direction to insert-the yarn from one weft supply and then at the other levell in the opposite direction to insert the yarn from the other weft supply, two selvedge yarn shuttles,

one at each side of the loom, movable through l the loops of the double picks of wei't pulled across the loom as aforesaid, and means to `so actuate said selvedge shuttles.

10. In a loom, the combination with the lay.'

and shuttle boxes carried thereby at opposite sides of the loom, of two .weft yarn supplies, lone at each side of the loom, two weft yarn shuttles, means to simultaneously throw said weft shuttles across the loom in opposite directions into the respective shuttle boxes, means carried by the shuttles adapted to engage weft yarns on opposite sides of the loom and thereby in said throws pull two double picks of yarn across the loom, two selvedge yarn shuttles-at opposite sides of the loom, each movablethrough the loop of the doublepick. of weft pulled across the loom as aforesaid, troughs, one at each side of thel loom, movable with the lay and along which eachv selvedge shuttle moves, a plate carrying each selvedge shuttle and movable longitudinally of the trough, means to so move` said plate and thereby so actuate saidselvedge shuttle, means locking Y the plate to the trough, and means actuatedby j the weft shuttle to release said plate-locking means.

.the loom, each movable through thel loop of the .double pick of weft pulled acro the loom as aforesaid, troughs, one at each side of the loom, movable with the lay and along which each selvedge shuttle moves, a plate carrying each selvedge shuttle and movable longitudinally of the trough, spring-actuated means adapted to so move said plate and thereby so' actuate the selvedge shuttle, means locking the plate to the trough, mechanism controlled by the lay to'im-l pose tension on said spring while the plate is locked to the trough, and means actuated by the weft shuttle to release said plate-locking meansv and thereby allow said spring-actuated means to so move said plate.

r12. in a 100m, the combination with the lay and shuttle boxes carried thereby at opposite sides of the loom, of two weft yarn supplies, one

at each side of the loom, two weft yarn shuttles,

means to simultaneously throw -said weft suttles across the loom in opposite directions into the respective shuttle boxes, means carried by the 4 shuttles adapted to engage weft yarns on opposite sides of the loom, and thereby in said throws pull two double, picks of yarn across the loom, two selvedge yarn shuttles at opposite sides of the loom, each movable through the loop of -the double pick of weft pulled across theA loom as aforesaid, troughs, one at each side of the loom, movable with the lay and along whichv each selvedge shuttlemoves, each trough being cut away in the line of travel of the weft carrier to allow'a weft carrier to pass therethrough,

a plate carrying said selvedgeshuttl and movable longitudinally of the trough to thereby carry the selvedge shuttleacross said line of fabric and a weft yarn supply at the 'other side of the loom for the lower iabric,'of two shuttles each adapted in its throw in one direction to engage the weft yarn from one supply, pull a Y double pick thereof across the loom at one level and then Yrelease the yarn and in its throw in the opposite. direction to engage the weft yarn from the other yarn supply, pull a double pick thereof across the loom at the other level and then release the yarn, and means to throwthe shuttles simultaneously across the loom at dif- 14. In a loom, the combination with weft yarn b'y each shuttle and adapted to engage yarn fromone weft supply and pull a double pick thereof across Athe loom in one direction and alternately therewith to engagel yarn from the other weft supply and'pull a double pick thereof acrossthe loom in the other direction, and means operable at the vend ofthe throw of each shuttle to disengage said weft-yarn engaging device fromthe yarnwhich it has pulled across the loom.

15. In a loom adapted to simultaneously weave at different levels two fabricsl containing separate wefts, the combination with a\weft yarn supply at one side of the loom for the upper fabric and a weft yarn supply at the other side ofthe loom for the lower fabric, of two shuttles. means to simultaneously throw both Ashuttl across the loom at different levels in .opposite directions, means adapted, at the conclusion of each two-shuttle'throw, tomove the shuttle at the higher level to the lower level and move the shuttle at the lower level to the higher level.

a weft-yarn engagingdevice carried by each shuttle which before and after its throw across the loom at one level respectively engages and releases the yarn from one yarn supply and which before Iand after its throw across the loom at the other level respectively engages and releases the yam fromv the other yarn supply, each shuttle thereby in opposite throws milling a double pick of yarn from the two different 

